|
 |
| LETTER TO THE EDITOR |
|
| Year : 2015 | Volume
: 59
| Issue : 2 | Page : 156-157 |
|
|
Updating income ranges for Kuppuswamy's socio-economic status scale for the year 2014
Sukhvinder Singh Oberoi
Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| Date of Web Publication | 25-May-2015 |
Correspondence Address:
Sukhvinder Singh Oberoi
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0019-557X.157540
How to cite this article:
Oberoi SS. Updating income ranges for Kuppuswamy's socio-economic status scale for the year 2014. Indian J Public Health 2015;59:156-7 |
How to cite this URL:
Oberoi SS. Updating income ranges for Kuppuswamy's socio-economic status scale for the year 2014. Indian J Public Health [serial online] 2015 [cited 2022 Aug 15];59:156-7. Available from: https://www.ijph.in/text.asp?2015/59/2/156/157540 |
Sir,
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of the health, nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of an individual. SES also influences the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and actual utilization of available health facilities. [1]
There are many different scales to measure the SES of a family. The B. G. Prasad classification proposed in the year 1961 is a scale based on per capita monthly income and has been used extensively in India. It can be applied to assess the SES in both rural and urban areas, as it takes into consideration only the income as a variable and is simple to calculate. In rural areas, the Pareek classification based on nine characteristics, namely, caste, occupation, education, level of social participation of head of the family, landholding, housing, farm power, material possession, and total members in the family, is widely used.
The modified Kuppuswamy scale is commonly used to measure SES in urban communities. This scale includes the education, occupation of head of the family, and income per month from all sources. The Government of India in the National Family Health Survey (NFHS - II) had used the Standard of Living Index (SLI) scale, which contains 11 items, namely, house type, source of lighting, toilet facility, main fuel for cooking, source of drinking water, separate room for cooking, ownership of the house, ownership of agricultural land, ownership of irrigated land, ownership of livestock, and ownership of durable goods, for measuring SES in both urban and rural areas for the entire country. [2] However, each of these scales available for measurement has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The Kuppuswamy scale was devised by Kuppuswamy in 1976 and is based on a composite score considering the education and occupation of the head of the family along with monthly income of the family, which yields a score of 3-29. This scale classifies the study populations into high, middle, and low SES, as shown in the [Table 1]. [3]
Revision of the original scale to bring the income subscale up to date is done as required. This was necessitated as monetary inflation means that the rupee does not retain the same value each year in terms of the goods/services that may be purchased with the same amount. The revision is linked to the All India Average Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW). [4]
The family income per month (in rupees) for 1976 was calculated according to base year 1960 = 100 (using the price index for 1976 as 296), [5] and this rose to 490 in the year 1982. [6] Mishra [7] revised the Kuppuswamy index in 1998 as per the price index year 1998 using base year 1982 = 100, which was again later revised by Kumar et al. [8] for the year 2007 by keeping 2001 as the base year according to the 1982 base. The price index was 88.42 for 1998 and 244 for 2014. [9] Thus the conversion factor with 2001 as the new base will be 244 χ 88.428 = 2.759 [Table 2] and [Table 3].  | Table 3: Updated Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic status scale with updated income range
Click here to view |
The major issue of concern is that the income part is considered to be the total income of the family and no consideration is given to size of the family: a small family with a particular income will have higher SES status than a bigger-sized family with similar income.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Aggarwal OP, Bhasin SK, Sharma AK, Chhabra P, Agarwal K, Rajoura OP. A new instrument (scale) for measuring the socioeconomic status of a family: Preliminary study. Indian J Community Med 2005;30:111-4.  |
| 2. | Ramesh Masthi NR, Gangaboraiah, Kulkarni P. An exploratory study on socio economic status scales in a rural and urban setting. J Family Med Prim Care 2013;2:69-73. |
| 3. | Kuppuswamy B. Manual of Socioeconomic Status (Urban). 1 st ed. Delhi: Manasayan; 1981. p. 66-72. |
| 4. | Sharma R, Saini NK. A Critical Appraisal of Kuppuswamy′s Socioeconomic Status Scale in the Present Scenario. J Family Med Prim Care 2014;3:3-4. |
| 5. | Bairwa M, Rajput M, Sachdeva S. Modified Kuppuswamy′s Socioeconomic Scale: Social Researcher Should Include Updated Income Criteria, 2012. Indian J Community Med 2013;38:185-6. [ PUBMED]  |
| 6. | Kumar N, Gupta N, Kishore J. Kuppuswamy′s socioeconomic scale: Updating income ranges for the year 2012. Indian J Public Health 2012;56:103-4. [ PUBMED] |
| 7. | Mishra D, Singh HP. Kuppuswamy′s socioeconomic status scale--a revision. Indian J Pediatr 2003;70:273-4. [ PUBMED] |
| 8. | Kumar N, Shekhar C, Kumar P, Kundu AS. Kuppuswamy′s socioeconomic status scale- Updating for 2007. Indian J Pediatr 2007;74:1131-2. [ PUBMED] |
| 9. | |
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Altered levels of neurobiological biomarkers at the interface of depression and gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian women |
|
| C. Thirumoorthy, M. Deepa, B.N. Srikumar, W. Hannah, U. Venkatesan, P.J. Nikhil, S. Hemavathy, B. Binukumar, R.M. Anjana, Uma Ram, M. Balasubramanyam, P. Saravanan, V. Mohan, K. Gokulakrishnan | | Neuropeptides. 2022; : 102245 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON VACCINATION COVERAGE OF CHILDREN IN THE URBAN SLUMS OF MUZAFFARPUR, BIHAR |
|
| Vijay Kumar Yadawa, Brajesh Anand Prasad, Rajeev Kumar, Bipin Kumar, Ravindra Prasad | | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. 2022; : 42 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Association of VEGF -2549 I/D and VEGF +936 C/T polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease in North-West Indian patients |
|
| GurleenKaur Tung, Vasudha Sambyal, Kamlesh Guleria | | Indian Journal of Nephrology. 2022; 0(0): 0 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Influence of socioeconomic status on psychological distress and treatment satisfaction levels among patients undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation following maxillectomy: An observational study |
|
| Chanchal Gupta, Veena Jain, Gunjan Pruthi | | National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2022; 0(0): 0 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Antipsychotic Drug Utilization and Adverse Drug Reaction Profiling in Patients With Schizophrenia at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India |
|
| Raakhi K Tripathi, Snehalata Gajbhiye, Sharmila Jalgaonkar, Nishtha Khatri, Mohsin Sayyed, Shubhangi Parkar | | Cureus. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
A survey of knowledge and variables influencing perceptions about clinical research: A cross-sectional study from Mumbai |
|
| BrinalH Figer,SwastikaS Lamture,Tanmay Gandhi,Ashnik Chauhan,Anchal Gvalani,NithyaJaideep Gogtay,UrmilaMukund Thatte | | Perspectives in Clinical Research. 2021; 12(2): 93 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Knowledge, awareness, and practices of cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening, and prevention among women in Karachi, Pakistan |
|
| Samina Hirani,Sarah Khan,Sidra Akram,Safna Naozer Virji,Preet Ayoub Shaikh,Ehsun Naeem,Rayaan Asad Chaudhry,Ahmed Bilal Khalid,Jalal Ud Din Khan,Muhammad Suhaib Qasim,Imtiaz Jehan | | European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2021; 30(1): 97 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Treatment response and long-term outcomes in biliary ascariasis: A prospective study |
|
| Partha Sarathi Patra,Abhishek Das,S.K. Mahiuddin Ahmed,Souveek Mitra,Gopal Krishna Dhali | | Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021; 22(2): 164 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
SLEEP ABNORMALITIES AND POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN CHILDREN WITH DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY |
|
| Ranjith Kumar Manokaran,Manjari Tripathi,Biswaroop Chakrabarty,Ravindra Mohan Pandey,Sheffali Gulati | | Seizure. 2020; 82: 59 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
Micronutrient-fortified infant cereal improves Hb status and reduces iron-deficiency anaemia in Indian infants: an effectiveness study |
|
| Shally Awasthi,Narayan U. Reddy,Monjori Mitra,Shweta Singh,Sanjeev Ganguly,Ivana Jankovic,Dominik Grathwohl,Colin I. Cercamondi,Apurba Ghosh | | British Journal of Nutrition. 2020; 123(7): 780 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Clinical Profile of Episodic Wheezing and Multiple Trigger Wheezing in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study |
|
| Lalsiama Tualzik,Venkatesh Chandrasekaran | | Journal of Child Science. 2020; 10(01): e141 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its association with adverse outcomes during induction phase of treatment |
|
| Sudipto Bhattacharya,Nishant Verma,Archana Kumar | | Nutrition and Cancer. 2020; 72(8): 1321 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Aspergillus Sensitization in Children with Poorly Controlled Asthma |
|
| Jyoti Kumari,Kana Ram Jat,Rakesh Lodha,Manisha Jana,Immaculata Xess,Sushil K Kabra | | Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2020; 66(3): 275 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Trends of Hypertension and Neurological Diseases in India: A Nationwide Survey Reporting the Distribution Across Geographical Areas |
|
| Sriloy Mohanty,Raghuram Nagarathna,Kashinath Metri,Suchitra Patil,Sanjay Kumar,Amit Singh,Hongasandra R Nagendra | | Annals of Neurosciences. 2020; 27(3-4): 162 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
Knowledge and Awareness of Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health Assessment among Diabetes Mellitus Patients- A Cross Sectional Study |
|
| Mayank Kumar Parakh,Anand Kasi,Vignesh Ayyappan,Prabhu Subramani | | Current Diabetes Reviews. 2020; 16(2): 156 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) among Sonowal Kachari tribal preschool children of flood effected region of Assam, India |
|
| Nitamoni Bharali,Kh. Narendra Singh,Nitish Mondal | | Anthropological Review. 2019; 82(2): 163 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 17 |
Differences in oral health status leading to tooth mortality based on socioeconomic stratification: A cross-sectional study |
|
| NijampatnamP M. Pavani,Pachava Srinivas,NanditaRani Kothia,ViswaChaitanya Chandu,VikramSimha Bommireddy,Srinivas Ravoori | | Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry. 2019; 17(3): 181 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 18 |
The impact of free medical supplies and regular telephonic contact on glycemic control in Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
|
| Aditi Chopra,Siddhnath Sudhanshu,Yanjun Chen,Pragya Mangla,Preeti Dabadghao,Eesh Bhatia,Pratibha Arora,Sayda Bano,Vijayalakshmi Bhatia | | Pediatric Diabetes. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 19 |
Impact of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on health and quality of life in Indian children |
|
| Divya Nagabushana,Praveen-Kumar S.,Jagadish B. Agadi | | Epilepsy & Behavior. 2019; 93: 43 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 20 |
Association of dental caries with socio-demographic and nutritional factors among school children in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India |
|
| Jyothsna Pinni,J.S Sankar Avula,Sujatha Bandi | | Pediatric Dental Journal. 2019; 29(3): 111 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 21 |
A Clinical and Radiographical Study to Assess and Correlate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Periodontitis |
|
| Sai Darshana Nair,Alluri Siddhartha Varma,Girish Suragimath,Sameer A Zope,Apurva Pisal,Rashmi Gangavati | | World Journal of Dentistry. 2019; 10(5): 354 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 22 |
A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate the Periodontal Health Status of Construction Workers with and without Tobacco Habits in New Delhi, India |
|
| Nilima Sharma,Sukhvinder S Oberoi | | Journal of Contemporary Dentistry. 2018; 8(3): 120 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 23 |
Pediatric Dental Appointments No-show: Rates and Reasons |
|
| Anup Panda,Rupinder Bhatia,Esha C Vora | | International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2018; 11(3): 171 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 24 |
CLINICAL PROFILE OF SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE LIVING IN BUNDELKHAND REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH |
|
| Om Shankar Chaurasiya,Ram Kumar Pathak,Sapna Gupta,Kawalpreet Chhabra | | Indian Journal of Child Health. 2018; 05(04): 253 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 25 |
Anti-endothelial cell antibody rich sera from rheumatic heart disease patients induces proinflammatory phenotype and methylation alteration in endothelial cells |
|
| Mukul Rastogi,Subendu Sarkar,Ankita Makol,Rana Sandip Singh,Uma Nahar Saikia,Dibyajyoti Banerjee,Seema Chopra,Anuradha Chakraborti | | Genes & Diseases. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 26 |
Implications of insecticide resistance for malaria vector control with long-lasting insecticidal nets: a WHO-coordinated, prospective, international, observational cohort study |
|
| Immo Kleinschmidt,John Bradley,Tessa Bellamy Knox,Abraham Peter Mnzava,Hmooda Toto Kafy,Charles Mbogo,Bashir Adam Ismail,Jude D Bigoga,Alioun Adechoubou,Kamaraju Raghavendra,Jackie Cook,Elfatih M Malik,Zinga José Nkuni,Michael Macdonald,Nabie Bayoh,Eric Ochomo,Etienne Fondjo,Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene,Josiane Etang,Martin Akogbeto,Rajendra M Bhatt,Mehul Kumar Chourasia,Dipak K Swain,Teresa Kinyari,Krishanthi Subramaniam,Achille Massougbodji,Mariam Okę-Sopoh,Aurore Ogouyemi-Hounto,Celestin Kouambeng,Mujahid Sheikhedin Abdin,Philippa West,Khalid Elmardi,Sylvie Cornelie,Vincent Corbel,Neena Valecha,Evan Mathenge,Luna Kamau,Jonathan Lines,Martin James Donnelly | | The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 27 |
Valuation of Quality of Life in Pediatric Disability in a Developing Country |
|
| Elizabeth Spiegel,Sunil Jondhale,Ivana Brajkovic,Kathryn C. Nesbit,Isabel E. Allen,Vinod Bhutani,Praveen Kumar,John Colin Partridge | | Journal of Child Neurology. 2018; 33(9): 601 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 28 |
THE PREDICTORS AND PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HYPERTENSIVES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS |
|
| Joseph Vimal Rajadoss,Roselynn Mareena Rachel,Kandasamy Ravichandran | | Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2018; 5(31): 2258 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 29 |
CHILDHOOD OCULAR MORBIDITY IN KUMAON REGION- A TERTIARY HOSPITAL STUDY |
|
| Anshika Kashyap,Shanti Pandey,Govind Singh Titiyal | | Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2017; 6(18): 1425 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 30 |
PATTERN OF ANTENATAL CARE AMONG WOMEN UTILISING A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN GOVERNMENT SECTOR FOR DELIVERY |
|
| Mini C H,Mohammed Sidhiq | | Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2017; 6(51): 3878 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 31 |
Multidimensional impact on families of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome |
|
| Gurdeep S Dhooria,Harmeet P Singh,Deepak Bhat,Harmesh S Bains,Ravinder K Soni,Mohit Kumar | | Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 32 |
Compliance to topical anti-glaucoma medications among patients at a tertiary hospital in North India |
|
| Ketaki Rajurkar,Suneeta Dubey,Parmatma Prasad Gupta,Denny John,Lokesh Chauhan | | Journal of Current Ophthalmology. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 33 |
Dietary Intake of Minerals, Vitamins, and Trace Elements Among Geriatric Population in India |
|
| Aakriti Gupta,Preetika Khenduja,Ravindra Mohan Pandey,Hem Chandra Sati,Nighat Yaseen Sofi,Umesh Kapil | | Biological Trace Element Research. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 34 |
Urinary Screening for Early Detection of Kidney Diseases |
|
| Kamlesh S. Suthar,Aruna V. Vanikar,Lovelesh A. Nigam,Rashmi D. Patel,Kamal V. Kanodia,Umang G. Thakkar,Paulin A. Gandhi,Sheetal A. Chandak,Amit V Prajapati,Minaxi H. Patel | | The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 35 |
Intrauterine Copper Device (CuT380A) as a Contraceptive Method in the Indian Context: Acceptability, Safety and Efficacy Depending on the Timing of Insertion |
|
| Purnima Gupta,Madhavi Mathur Gupta,Rachna Sharma | | The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 36 |
The Care-Giving Needs of Carers of Persons with First Episode of Psychosis: Exploratory Qualitative Findings from India |
|
| Swarupa M. Udgiri,B. P. Nirmala,Jagadisha Thirthalli | | Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 37 |
Quality of Life of People with Physical Disabilities in a Rural Block of Tamil Nadu, India |
|
| Nancy Angeline Gnanaselvam,Samuel Prasanna Vinoth Kumar,Vinod Joseph Abraham | | Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 38 |
Thermal comfort in urban open spaces: Objective assessment and subjective perception study in tropical city of Bhopal, India |
|
| Sarah Binte Ali,Suprava Patnaik | | Urban Climate. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 39 |
Kuppuswamy’s Socio-Economic Status Scale: A Revision of Occupation and Income Criteria for 2016 |
|
| Mahesh R. Khairnar,Umesh Wadgave,Pranali V. Shimpi | | The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 40 |
Knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection and consequences: a cross-sectional assessment of baseline knowledge among infected patients in West Bengal, India |
|
| Partha Sarathi Mukherjee,Eliza Dutta,Dipesh Kr. Das,Shatabdi Ghosh,Suvadip Neogi,Arka Sarkar | | Hepatology, Medicine and Policy. 2016; 2(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 41 |
Clinical events in a large prospective cohort of children with sickle cell disease in Nagpur, India: evidence against a milder clinical phenotype in India |
|
| Dipty Jain,Aishwarya Arjunan,Vijaya Sarathi,Harshwardhan Jain,Amol Bhandarwar,Marike Vuga,Lakshmanan Krishnamurti | | Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 42 |
DETERMINANTS OF IMMUNIZATION STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED 1-5 YEARS ATTENDING A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE FACILITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY |
|
| Sridevi A Naaraayan,S Sundari,C Subbulakshmi,S Geethalakshmi,R Geetha,A Vengatesan | | Indian Journal of Child Health. 2016; 03(02): 133 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
